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Idiom Neutral is an international auxiliary language, published in 1902 by the International Academy of the Universal Language (Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal) under the leadership of Waldemar Rosenberger, a Saint Petersburg engineer.
The name of the Academy was changed to Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal in 1898 and the circulars of the Academy were written in the new language from that year. Those who continued to use Volapük re-formed the International Academy of Volapük, retaining its name (with a spelling change) as Kadäm Bevünetik Volapüka.
Dictionaries of Idiom Neutral including an outline of the grammar were published in several European languages in 1902 and 1903.
The language, sometimes referred to as “Neutral” or “the Neutral language” by English-speaking writers, created interest among international language enthusiasts at the time. Rosenberger published a periodical in the language called Progres. In 1907 Neutral was one of the projects considered by a committee of scholars which met in Paris to select an international auxiliary language (what the committee actually decided upon is disputed; see Ido and its external links for more information).
In 1908 the Akademi which had created Idiom Neutral effectively chose to abandon it in favor of Latino sine flexione, a simplified form of Latin developed by Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano. Peano was appointed the director of the Akademi, and its name was changed to Academia pro Interlingua. Peano's language was also called Interlingua, not to be confused with the better-known Interlingua presented in 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA).
In 1912 Rosenberger published a reformed version of Neutral called Reform-Neutral.[1] Handbook of Reform-Neutral (1912) at archive.org
| + Idiom neutral alphabet (+ 1 digraph) |
Twenty-two letters of the Latin script are used to write Neutral; the letters q, w, x, and z do not occur. The five ( a, e, i, o, u) are pronounced roughly as in Spanish language. Vowels which appear next to each other are pronounced separately, not as a diphthong. The have the same values as in English language, except that c is pronounced like English ch in church, g is always like the g in gate, and j is pronounced as the s in measure. The combination sh is pronounced like English sh.
The lexical stress falls on the vowel that precedes the last consonant. If no vowel precedes the last consonant (e.g. via way) the stress is on the first vowel. In a few cases the vowel at the end of a word is stressed; these vowels are marked with an acute accent (e.g. idé idea). Such accents are the only used in writing Neutral words.
can also end in any letter. They normally appear after the nouns they modify and do not agree in number with their nouns, e.g. kaset grand big box, kaseti grand big boxes.
comparative of adjectives (and ) is with plu ... ka ( more ... than), tale ... kuale ( as ... as) and leplu ( most, -est).
Infinitive: amar to love
Present tense: mi am I love
Imperfect: mi amav I loved, I was loving
Future tense: mi amero I shall love
Present perfect: mi av amed I have loved
Pluperfect: mi avav amed I had loved
Future perfect: mi avero amed I shall have loved
Conditional: mi amerio I would love
Past conditional: mi averio amed I would have loved
imperative mood second person singular: ama! Love!
Imperative second person plural: amate! Love!
Imperative first person plural: amam! Let's love!
Active participle: amant loving
Passive participle: amed loved
The passive voice is formed with the verb esar to be and the passive participle: mi es amed I am loved, mi averio esed amed I would have been loved, etc.
There is no inflection for a subjunctive mood or volitive. In expressions of desire etc., the present tense is used e.g. mi volu ke il am I want him to love; ila demandav ke vo lekt it she asked you to read it.
Publikasion de idiom neutral interesero votr filio, kel kolekt postmarki, kause ist idiom es lingu praktikal pro korespondad ko kolektatori in otr landi.
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